https://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&feed=atom&action=historyFacilitation by nurse plants - Revision history2024-03-28T16:53:43ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.38.5https://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=1334&oldid=prevMelis: Marked this version for translation2024-01-25T08:41:30Z<p>Marked this version for translation</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!--T:1--></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!--T:2--></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Table 1. Reported positive effects of nurse plants to seedlings survival and growth.'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Table 1. Reported positive effects of nurse plants to seedlings survival and growth.'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!--T:3--></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable"</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable"</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|'''Effect'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|'''Effect'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In reforestation of Mediterranean mountains, ''Pinus sylvestris'' and ''P. nigra'' survival was remarkably higher and growth unaffected when planted under individuals of the shrub ''Salvia lavandulifolia'' Vahl (Castro et al. 2002<ref>Castro J, Zamora R, Hódar JA, Gómez JM (2002) Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restor Ecol 10: 297-305.</ref>). Three years after planting, association between ''Cupressus atlantica'' Gaussen and ''Lavandula stoechas'' L. lead to a higher growth of ''C. atlantica'' and better soil microbial characteristics compared to the control treatment (Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3" />). Gómez-Aparicio et al. (2004)<ref>Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Hódar JA, Castro J, Baraza E (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecol Appl 14: 1128-1138. doi:10.1890/03-5084</ref> conducted a meta-analysis with seedling survival and growth data for the first year after planting at experimental reforestations with more than 18,000 seedlings of 11 woody species planted under 16 different nurse shrubs throughout a broad geographical area in southeast Spain. They concluded that facilitative effect was consistent in all environmental situations explored; but with differences in the magnitude of the interaction, depending on the seedling species planted as well as the nurse shrub species involved. Additionally, they found that nurse shrubs had a stronger facilitative effect on seedling survival and growth at low altitudes and sunny, drier slopes than at high altitudes or shady, wetter slopes. At dry sites with full sunlight, creating shadow by nurse plants can promote survival but reduce photosynthetic rate. Although shade enhances the probability of ''Pinus pinea'' survival, carbon assimilation reaches maximum values on more open sites (Calama et al. 2015<ref>Calama R, Puértolas J, Manso R, Pardos M (2015) Defining the optimal regeneration niche for ''Pinus Pinea'' L. through physiology-based models for seedling survival and carbon assimilation. Trees 29(6): 1761–1771. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1257-5.</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In reforestation of Mediterranean mountains, ''Pinus sylvestris'' and ''P. nigra'' survival was remarkably higher and growth unaffected when planted under individuals of the shrub ''Salvia lavandulifolia'' Vahl (Castro et al. 2002<ref>Castro J, Zamora R, Hódar JA, Gómez JM (2002) Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restor Ecol 10: 297-305.</ref>). Three years after planting, association between ''Cupressus atlantica'' Gaussen and ''Lavandula stoechas'' L. lead to a higher growth of ''C. atlantica'' and better soil microbial characteristics compared to the control treatment (Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3" />). Gómez-Aparicio et al. (2004)<ref>Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Hódar JA, Castro J, Baraza E (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecol Appl 14: 1128-1138. doi:10.1890/03-5084</ref> conducted a meta-analysis with seedling survival and growth data for the first year after planting at experimental reforestations with more than 18,000 seedlings of 11 woody species planted under 16 different nurse shrubs throughout a broad geographical area in southeast Spain. They concluded that facilitative effect was consistent in all environmental situations explored; but with differences in the magnitude of the interaction, depending on the seedling species planted as well as the nurse shrub species involved. Additionally, they found that nurse shrubs had a stronger facilitative effect on seedling survival and growth at low altitudes and sunny, drier slopes than at high altitudes or shady, wetter slopes. At dry sites with full sunlight, creating shadow by nurse plants can promote survival but reduce photosynthetic rate. Although shade enhances the probability of ''Pinus pinea'' survival, carbon assimilation reaches maximum values on more open sites (Calama et al. 2015<ref>Calama R, Puértolas J, Manso R, Pardos M (2015) Defining the optimal regeneration niche for ''Pinus Pinea'' L. through physiology-based models for seedling survival and carbon assimilation. Trees 29(6): 1761–1771. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1257-5.</ref>).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References == <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!--T:4--></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Melishttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=1242&oldid=prevLjubica Mijatović at 08:18, 24 January 20242024-01-24T08:18:20Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td></tr>
</table>Ljubica Mijatovićhttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=1238&oldid=prevLjubica Mijatović at 08:16, 24 January 20242024-01-24T08:16:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td></tr>
</table>Ljubica Mijatovićhttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=1207&oldid=prevLjubica Mijatović at 15:10, 23 January 20242024-01-23T15:10:00Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><translate></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Ljubica Mijatovićhttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=252&oldid=prevVladanoid: Protected "Facilitation by nurse plants" ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite))2022-10-16T09:38:26Z<p>Protected "<a href="/index.php/Facilitation_by_nurse_plants" title="Facilitation by nurse plants">Facilitation by nurse plants</a>" ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite))</p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:38, 16 October 2022</td>
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</td></tr></table>Vladanoidhttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=219&oldid=prevVladanoid at 23:16, 14 October 20222022-10-14T23:16:22Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:16, 15 October 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In reforestation of Mediterranean mountains, ''Pinus sylvestris'' and ''P. nigra'' survival was remarkably higher and growth unaffected when planted under individuals of the shrub ''Salvia lavandulifolia'' Vahl (Castro et al. 2002<ref>Castro J, Zamora R, Hódar JA, Gómez JM (2002) Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restor Ecol 10: 297-305.</ref>). Three years after planting, association between ''Cupressus atlantica'' Gaussen and ''Lavandula stoechas'' L. lead to a higher growth of ''C. atlantica'' and better soil microbial characteristics compared to the control treatment (Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3" />). Gómez-Aparicio et al. (2004)<ref>Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Hódar JA, Castro J, Baraza E (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecol Appl 14: 1128-1138. doi:10.1890/03-5084</ref> conducted a meta-analysis with seedling survival and growth data for the first year after planting at experimental reforestations with more than 18,000 seedlings of 11 woody species planted under 16 different nurse shrubs throughout a broad geographical area in southeast Spain. They concluded that facilitative effect was consistent in all environmental situations explored; but with differences in the magnitude of the interaction, depending on the seedling species planted as well as the nurse shrub species involved. Additionally, they found that nurse shrubs had a stronger facilitative effect on seedling survival and growth at low altitudes and sunny, drier slopes than at high altitudes or shady, wetter slopes. At dry sites with full sunlight, creating shadow by nurse plants can promote survival but reduce photosynthetic rate. Although shade enhances the probability of ''Pinus pinea'' survival, carbon assimilation reaches maximum values on more open sites (Calama et al. 2015<ref>Calama R, Puértolas J, Manso R, Pardos M (2015) Defining the optimal regeneration niche for ''Pinus Pinea'' L. through physiology-based models for seedling survival and carbon assimilation. Trees 29(6): 1761–1771. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1257-5.</ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In reforestation of Mediterranean mountains, ''Pinus sylvestris'' and ''P. nigra'' survival was remarkably higher and growth unaffected when planted under individuals of the shrub ''Salvia lavandulifolia'' Vahl (Castro et al. 2002<ref>Castro J, Zamora R, Hódar JA, Gómez JM (2002) Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restor Ecol 10: 297-305.</ref>). Three years after planting, association between ''Cupressus atlantica'' Gaussen and ''Lavandula stoechas'' L. lead to a higher growth of ''C. atlantica'' and better soil microbial characteristics compared to the control treatment (Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3" />). Gómez-Aparicio et al. (2004)<ref>Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Hódar JA, Castro J, Baraza E (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecol Appl 14: 1128-1138. doi:10.1890/03-5084</ref> conducted a meta-analysis with seedling survival and growth data for the first year after planting at experimental reforestations with more than 18,000 seedlings of 11 woody species planted under 16 different nurse shrubs throughout a broad geographical area in southeast Spain. They concluded that facilitative effect was consistent in all environmental situations explored; but with differences in the magnitude of the interaction, depending on the seedling species planted as well as the nurse shrub species involved. Additionally, they found that nurse shrubs had a stronger facilitative effect on seedling survival and growth at low altitudes and sunny, drier slopes than at high altitudes or shady, wetter slopes. At dry sites with full sunlight, creating shadow by nurse plants can promote survival but reduce photosynthetic rate. Although shade enhances the probability of ''Pinus pinea'' survival, carbon assimilation reaches maximum values on more open sites (Calama et al. 2015<ref>Calama R, Puértolas J, Manso R, Pardos M (2015) Defining the optimal regeneration niche for ''Pinus Pinea'' L. through physiology-based models for seedling survival and carbon assimilation. Trees 29(6): 1761–1771. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1257-5.</ref>).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== References ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Vladanoidhttps://forestrestorationwiki.org/index.php?title=Facilitation_by_nurse_plants&diff=218&oldid=prevVladanoid: Created page with "Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4):..."2022-10-14T23:15:53Z<p>Created page with "Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4):..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors (Ivetić and Devetaković 2016<ref>Ivetić V, Devetaković J (2016) Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta 1: 178-220. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10</ref>, Tab. 1), a phenomenon known as facilitation (Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0">Padilla FM, Pugnaire FI (2006) The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Front Ecol Environ 4(4): 196–202.</ref>). Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years (Ren et al. 2008<ref>Ren H, Yang L, Liu N (2008) Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Prog Nat Sci 18: 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.008</ref>).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Table 1. Reported positive effects of nurse plants to seedlings survival and growth.'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Effect'''<br />
|'''Source'''<br />
|-<br />
|Protect seedlings from frost.<br />
|Stilinović 1991<ref>Stilinović S (1991) Afforestation. Naučna knjiga, Belgrade. University book. 274 p. [In Serbian]</ref>; LePage and Coates 1994<ref>LePage P, Dave CK (1994) Growth of planted lodgepole pine and hybrid spruce following chemical and manual vegetation control on a frost-prone site. Can J Forest Res 24: 208-216. doi:10.1139/x94-031.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Reduce soil water evaporation, lower soil and air temperature, and decrease the amount of radiation reaching the plants by shading.<br />
|Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0" />; Endo et al. 2008<ref name=":1">Endo M, Yamamura Y, Tanaka A, Nakano T, Yasuda T (2008) Nurse-plant effects of a dwarf shrub on the establishment of tree seedlings in a volcanic desert on Mt. Fuji, Central Japan. Arc Antarct Alp Res 40: 335–342. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(07-013)[ENDO]2.0.CO;2.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Improve the availability of water through the process known as “hydraulic lift”.<br />
|Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|Improve nutrient availability by nitrogen transfer between legumes and non-leguminous plants.<br />
|Franco and Nobel 1989<ref>Franco AC, Nobel PS (1989) Effect of nurse plants on the microhabitat and growth of cacti. J Ecol 77: 870-886.</ref>; Padilla and Pugnaire 2006<ref name=":0" />; Rodríguez-Echeverría et al. 2016<ref name=":2">Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Lozano YM, Bardgett RD (2016) Influence of soil microbiota in nurse plant systems. Funct Ecol 30: 30–40. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12594</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Promote the development of differentiated soil microbial communities.<br />
|Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3">Duponnois R, Ouahmane L, Kane A, Thioulouse J, Hafidi M, Boumezzough A, Prin Y, Baudoin E, Galiana A, Dreyfus B (2011) Nurse shrubs increased the early growth of cupressus seedlings by enhancing belowground mutualism and soil microbial activity. Soil Biol Biochem 43: 2160-2168. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.020.</ref>; Rodríguez-Echeverría et al. 2016<ref name=":2" /><br />
|-<br />
|Promote survival and growth by mycorrhization.<br />
|Bai et al. 2009<ref>Bai S-L, Li G-L, Liu Y, Dumroese RK, Lv R-H (2009) ''Ostryopsis davidiana'' seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi facilitate formation of mycorrhizae on ''Pinus tabulaeformis'' seedlings. Mycorrhiza 19: 425–434.</ref>; Bauman et al. 2012<ref>Bauman JM, Keiffer CH, Hiremath S (2012) Facilitation of American chestnut (''Castanea dentata'') seedling establishment by ''Pinus virginiana'' in mine reclamation. International Journal of Ecology 2012: 1-12.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Soil stabilization.<br />
|Endo et al. 2008<ref name=":1" />; Rodríguez-Echeverría et al. 2016<ref name=":2" /><br />
|}<br />
In reforestation of Mediterranean mountains, ''Pinus sylvestris'' and ''P. nigra'' survival was remarkably higher and growth unaffected when planted under individuals of the shrub ''Salvia lavandulifolia'' Vahl (Castro et al. 2002<ref>Castro J, Zamora R, Hódar JA, Gómez JM (2002) Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restor Ecol 10: 297-305.</ref>). Three years after planting, association between ''Cupressus atlantica'' Gaussen and ''Lavandula stoechas'' L. lead to a higher growth of ''C. atlantica'' and better soil microbial characteristics compared to the control treatment (Duponnois et al. 2011<ref name=":3" />). Gómez-Aparicio et al. (2004)<ref>Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Hódar JA, Castro J, Baraza E (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecol Appl 14: 1128-1138. doi:10.1890/03-5084</ref> conducted a meta-analysis with seedling survival and growth data for the first year after planting at experimental reforestations with more than 18,000 seedlings of 11 woody species planted under 16 different nurse shrubs throughout a broad geographical area in southeast Spain. They concluded that facilitative effect was consistent in all environmental situations explored; but with differences in the magnitude of the interaction, depending on the seedling species planted as well as the nurse shrub species involved. Additionally, they found that nurse shrubs had a stronger facilitative effect on seedling survival and growth at low altitudes and sunny, drier slopes than at high altitudes or shady, wetter slopes. At dry sites with full sunlight, creating shadow by nurse plants can promote survival but reduce photosynthetic rate. Although shade enhances the probability of ''Pinus pinea'' survival, carbon assimilation reaches maximum values on more open sites (Calama et al. 2015<ref>Calama R, Puértolas J, Manso R, Pardos M (2015) Defining the optimal regeneration niche for ''Pinus Pinea'' L. through physiology-based models for seedling survival and carbon assimilation. Trees 29(6): 1761–1771. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1257-5.</ref>).<br />
[[Category:Pre-planting-site preparation]]</div>Vladanoid